src/sys/kern/kern_malloc.c

/*	$OpenBSD: kern_malloc.c,v 1.152 2024/06/26 01:40:49 jsg Exp $	*/
/*	$NetBSD: kern_malloc.c,v 1.15.4.2 1996/06/13 17:10:56 cgd Exp $	*/

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1987, 1991, 1993
 *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *	@(#)kern_malloc.c	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/4/94
 */

#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/malloc.h>
#include <sys/proc.h>
#include <sys/stdint.h>
#include <sys/systm.h>
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/mutex.h>
#include <sys/rwlock.h>
#include <sys/tracepoint.h>

#include <uvm/uvm_extern.h>

#if defined(DDB)
#include <machine/db_machdep.h>
#include <ddb/db_output.h>
#endif

static
#ifndef SMALL_KERNEL
__inline__
#endif
long
BUCKETINDX(size_t sz)
{
	long b, d;

	/* note that this relies upon MINALLOCSIZE being 1 << MINBUCKET */
	b = 7 + MINBUCKET; d = 4;
	while (d != 0) {
		if (sz <= (1 << b))
			b -= d;
		else
			b += d;
		d >>= 1;
	}
	if (sz <= (1 << b))
		b += 0;
	else
		b += 1;
	return b;
}

static struct vm_map kmem_map_store;
struct vm_map *kmem_map = NULL;

/*
 * Default number of pages in kmem_map.  We attempt to calculate this
 * at run-time, but allow it to be either patched or set in the kernel
 * config file.
 */
#ifndef NKMEMPAGES
#define	NKMEMPAGES	-1
#endif
u_int	nkmempages = NKMEMPAGES;

struct mutex malloc_mtx = MUTEX_INITIALIZER(IPL_VM);
struct kmembuckets bucket[MINBUCKET + 16];
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
struct kmemstats kmemstats[M_LAST];
#endif
struct kmemusage *kmemusage;
char *kmembase, *kmemlimit;
char buckstring[16 * sizeof("123456,")];
int buckstring_init = 0;
#if defined(KMEMSTATS) || defined(DIAGNOSTIC)
char *memname[] = INITKMEMNAMES;
char *memall = NULL;
struct rwlock sysctl_kmemlock = RWLOCK_INITIALIZER("sysctlklk");
#endif

/*
 * Normally the freelist structure is used only to hold the list pointer
 * for free objects.  However, when running with diagnostics, the first
 * 8 bytes of the structure is unused except for diagnostic information,
 * and the free list pointer is at offset 8 in the structure.  Since the
 * first 8 bytes is the portion of the structure most often modified, this
 * helps to detect memory reuse problems and avoid free list corruption.
 */
struct kmem_freelist {
	int32_t	kf_spare0;
	int16_t	kf_type;
	int16_t	kf_spare1;
	XSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(kmem_freelist) kf_flist;
};

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
/*
 * This structure provides a set of masks to catch unaligned frees.
 */
const long addrmask[] = { 0,
	0x00000001, 0x00000003, 0x00000007, 0x0000000f,
	0x0000001f, 0x0000003f, 0x0000007f, 0x000000ff,
	0x000001ff, 0x000003ff, 0x000007ff, 0x00000fff,
	0x00001fff, 0x00003fff, 0x00007fff, 0x0000ffff,
};

#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */

#ifndef SMALL_KERNEL
struct timeval malloc_errintvl = { 5, 0 };
struct timeval malloc_lasterr;
#endif

/*
 * Allocate a block of memory
 */
void *
malloc(size_t size, int type, int flags)
{
	struct kmembuckets *kbp;
	struct kmemusage *kup;
	struct kmem_freelist *freep;
	long indx, npg, allocsize;
	caddr_t va, cp;
	int s;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	int freshalloc;
	char *savedtype;
#endif
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	struct kmemstats *ksp = &kmemstats[type];
	int wake;

	if (((unsigned long)type) <= 1 || ((unsigned long)type) >= M_LAST)
		panic("malloc: bogus type %d", type);
#endif

	KASSERT(flags & (M_WAITOK | M_NOWAIT));

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if ((flags & M_NOWAIT) == 0) {
		extern int pool_debug;
		assertwaitok();
		if (pool_debug == 2)
			yield();
	}
#endif

	if (size > 65535 * PAGE_SIZE) {
		if (flags & M_CANFAIL) {
#ifndef SMALL_KERNEL
			if (ratecheck(&malloc_lasterr, &malloc_errintvl))
				printf("malloc(): allocation too large, "
				    "type = %d, size = %lu\n", type, size);
#endif
			return (NULL);
		} else
			panic("malloc: allocation too large, "
			    "type = %d, size = %lu", type, size);
	}

	indx = BUCKETINDX(size);
	if (size > MAXALLOCSAVE)
		allocsize = round_page(size);
	else
		allocsize = 1 << indx;
	kbp = &bucket[indx];
	mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	while (ksp->ks_memuse >= ksp->ks_limit) {
		if (flags & M_NOWAIT) {
			mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
			return (NULL);
		}
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		if (ISSET(flags, M_WAITOK) && curproc == &proc0)
			panic("%s: cannot sleep for memory during boot",
			    __func__);
#endif
		if (ksp->ks_limblocks < 65535)
			ksp->ks_limblocks++;
		msleep_nsec(ksp, &malloc_mtx, PSWP+2, memname[type], INFSLP);
	}
	ksp->ks_memuse += allocsize; /* account for this early */
	ksp->ks_size |= 1 << indx;
#endif
	if (XSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&kbp->kb_freelist) == NULL) {
		mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
		npg = atop(round_page(allocsize));
		s = splvm();
		va = (caddr_t)uvm_km_kmemalloc_pla(kmem_map, NULL,
		    (vsize_t)ptoa(npg), 0,
		    ((flags & M_NOWAIT) ? UVM_KMF_NOWAIT : 0) |
		    ((flags & M_CANFAIL) ? UVM_KMF_CANFAIL : 0),
		    no_constraint.ucr_low, no_constraint.ucr_high,
		    0, 0, 0);
		splx(s);
		if (va == NULL) {
			/*
			 * Kmem_malloc() can return NULL, even if it can
			 * wait, if there is no map space available, because
			 * it can't fix that problem.  Neither can we,
			 * right now.  (We should release pages which
			 * are completely free and which are in buckets
			 * with too many free elements.)
			 */
			if ((flags & (M_NOWAIT|M_CANFAIL)) == 0)
				panic("malloc: out of space in kmem_map");

#ifdef KMEMSTATS
			mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
			ksp->ks_memuse -= allocsize;
			wake = ksp->ks_memuse + allocsize >= ksp->ks_limit &&
			    ksp->ks_memuse < ksp->ks_limit;
			mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
			if (wake)
				wakeup(ksp);
#endif
			return (NULL);
		}
		mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
		kbp->kb_total += kbp->kb_elmpercl;
#endif
		kup = btokup(va);
		kup->ku_indx = indx;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		freshalloc = 1;
#endif
		if (allocsize > MAXALLOCSAVE) {
			kup->ku_pagecnt = npg;
			goto out;
		}
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
		kup->ku_freecnt = kbp->kb_elmpercl;
		kbp->kb_totalfree += kbp->kb_elmpercl;
#endif
		cp = va + (npg * PAGE_SIZE) - allocsize;
		for (;;) {
			freep = (struct kmem_freelist *)cp;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
			/*
			 * Copy in known text to detect modification
			 * after freeing.
			 */
			poison_mem(cp, allocsize);
			freep->kf_type = M_FREE;
#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */
			XSIMPLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&kbp->kb_freelist, freep,
			    kf_flist);
			if (cp <= va)
				break;
			cp -= allocsize;
		}
	} else {
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
		freshalloc = 0;
#endif
	}
	freep = XSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&kbp->kb_freelist);
	XSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(&kbp->kb_freelist, kf_flist);
	va = (caddr_t)freep;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	savedtype = (unsigned)freep->kf_type < M_LAST ?
		memname[freep->kf_type] : "???";
	if (freshalloc == 0 && XSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&kbp->kb_freelist)) {
		int rv;
		vaddr_t addr = (vaddr_t)XSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&kbp->kb_freelist);

		vm_map_lock(kmem_map);
		rv = uvm_map_checkprot(kmem_map, addr,
		    addr + sizeof(struct kmem_freelist), PROT_WRITE);
		vm_map_unlock(kmem_map);

		if (!rv)  {
			printf("%s %zd of object %p size 0x%lx %s %s"
			    " (invalid addr %p)\n",
			    "Data modified on freelist: word",
			    (int32_t *)&addr - (int32_t *)kbp, va, size,
			    "previous type", savedtype, (void *)addr);
		}
	}

	/* Fill the fields that we've used with poison */
	poison_mem(freep, sizeof(*freep));

	/* and check that the data hasn't been modified. */
	if (freshalloc == 0) {
		size_t pidx;
		uint32_t pval;
		if (poison_check(va, allocsize, &pidx, &pval)) {
			panic("%s %zd of object %p size 0x%lx %s %s"
			    " (0x%x != 0x%x)\n",
			    "Data modified on freelist: word",
			    pidx, va, size, "previous type",
			    savedtype, ((int32_t*)va)[pidx], pval);
		}
	}

	freep->kf_spare0 = 0;
#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	kup = btokup(va);
	if (kup->ku_indx != indx)
		panic("malloc: wrong bucket");
	if (kup->ku_freecnt == 0)
		panic("malloc: lost data");
	kup->ku_freecnt--;
	kbp->kb_totalfree--;
out:
	kbp->kb_calls++;
	ksp->ks_inuse++;
	ksp->ks_calls++;
	if (ksp->ks_memuse > ksp->ks_maxused)
		ksp->ks_maxused = ksp->ks_memuse;
#else
out:
#endif
	mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);

	if ((flags & M_ZERO) && va != NULL)
		memset(va, 0, size);

	TRACEPOINT(uvm, malloc, type, va, size, flags);

	return (va);
}

/*
 * Free a block of memory allocated by malloc.
 */
void
free(void *addr, int type, size_t freedsize)
{
	struct kmembuckets *kbp;
	struct kmemusage *kup;
	struct kmem_freelist *freep;
	long size;
	int s;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	long alloc;
#endif
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	struct kmemstats *ksp = &kmemstats[type];
	int wake;
#endif

	if (addr == NULL)
		return;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (addr < (void *)kmembase || addr >= (void *)kmemlimit)
		panic("free: non-malloced addr %p type %s", addr,
		    memname[type]);
#endif

	TRACEPOINT(uvm, free, type, addr, freedsize);

	mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
	kup = btokup(addr);
	size = 1 << kup->ku_indx;
	kbp = &bucket[kup->ku_indx];
	if (size > MAXALLOCSAVE)
		size = kup->ku_pagecnt << PAGE_SHIFT;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
#if 0
	if (freedsize == 0) {
		static int zerowarnings;
		if (zerowarnings < 5) {
			zerowarnings++;
			printf("free with zero size: (%d)\n", type);
#ifdef DDB
			db_stack_dump();
#endif
	}
#endif
	if (freedsize != 0 && freedsize > size)
		panic("free: size too large %zu > %ld (%p) type %s",
		    freedsize, size, addr, memname[type]);
	if (freedsize != 0 && size > MINALLOCSIZE && freedsize <= size / 2)
		panic("free: size too small %zu <= %ld / 2 (%p) type %s",
		    freedsize, size, addr, memname[type]);
	/*
	 * Check for returns of data that do not point to the
	 * beginning of the allocation.
	 */
	if (size > PAGE_SIZE)
		alloc = addrmask[BUCKETINDX(PAGE_SIZE)];
	else
		alloc = addrmask[kup->ku_indx];
	if (((u_long)addr & alloc) != 0)
		panic("free: unaligned addr %p, size %ld, type %s, mask %ld",
			addr, size, memname[type], alloc);
#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */
	if (size > MAXALLOCSAVE) {
		u_short pagecnt = kup->ku_pagecnt;

		kup->ku_indx = 0;
		kup->ku_pagecnt = 0;
		mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
		s = splvm();
		uvm_km_free(kmem_map, (vaddr_t)addr, ptoa(pagecnt));
		splx(s);
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
		mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
		ksp->ks_memuse -= size;
		wake = ksp->ks_memuse + size >= ksp->ks_limit &&
		    ksp->ks_memuse < ksp->ks_limit;
		ksp->ks_inuse--;
		kbp->kb_total -= 1;
		mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
		if (wake)
			wakeup(ksp);
#endif
		return;
	}
	freep = (struct kmem_freelist *)addr;
#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	/*
	 * Check for multiple frees. Use a quick check to see if
	 * it looks free before laboriously searching the freelist.
	 */
	if (freep->kf_spare0 == poison_value(freep)) {
		struct kmem_freelist *fp;
		XSIMPLEQ_FOREACH(fp, &kbp->kb_freelist, kf_flist) {
			if (addr != fp)
				continue;
			printf("multiply freed item %p\n", addr);
			panic("free: duplicated free");
		}
	}
	/*
	 * Copy in known text to detect modification after freeing
	 * and to make it look free. Also, save the type being freed
	 * so we can list likely culprit if modification is detected
	 * when the object is reallocated.
	 */
	poison_mem(addr, size);
	freep->kf_spare0 = poison_value(freep);

	freep->kf_type = type;
#endif /* DIAGNOSTIC */
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	kup->ku_freecnt++;
	if (kup->ku_freecnt >= kbp->kb_elmpercl) {
		if (kup->ku_freecnt > kbp->kb_elmpercl)
			panic("free: multiple frees");
		else if (kbp->kb_totalfree > kbp->kb_highwat)
			kbp->kb_couldfree++;
	}
	kbp->kb_totalfree++;
	ksp->ks_memuse -= size;
	wake = ksp->ks_memuse + size >= ksp->ks_limit &&
	    ksp->ks_memuse < ksp->ks_limit;
	ksp->ks_inuse--;
#endif
	XSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&kbp->kb_freelist, freep, kf_flist);
	mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	if (wake)
		wakeup(ksp);
#endif
}

/*
 * Compute the number of pages that kmem_map will map, that is,
 * the size of the kernel malloc arena.
 */
void
kmeminit_nkmempages(void)
{
	u_int npages;

	if (nkmempages != -1) {
		/*
		 * It's already been set (by us being here before, or
		 * by patching or kernel config options), bail out now.
		 */
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * We use the following (simple) formula:
	 *
	 * Up to 1G physmem use physical memory / 4,
	 * above 1G add an extra 16MB per 1G of memory.
	 *
	 * Clamp it down depending on VM_KERNEL_SPACE_SIZE
	 * - up and including 512M -> 64MB
	 * - between 512M and 1024M -> 128MB
	 * - over 1024M clamping to VM_KERNEL_SPACE_SIZE / 4
	 */
	npages = MIN(physmem, atop(1024 * 1024 * 1024)) / 4;
	if (physmem > atop(1024 * 1024 * 1024))
		npages += (physmem - atop(1024 * 1024 * 1024)) / 64;

	if (VM_KERNEL_SPACE_SIZE <= 512 * 1024 * 1024) {
		if (npages > atop(64 * 1024 * 1024))
			npages = atop(64 * 1024 * 1024);
	} else if (VM_KERNEL_SPACE_SIZE <= 1024 * 1024 * 1024) {
		if (npages > atop(128 * 1024 * 1024))
			npages = atop(128 * 1024 * 1024);
	} else if (npages > atop(VM_KERNEL_SPACE_SIZE) / 4)
		npages = atop(VM_KERNEL_SPACE_SIZE) / 4;

	nkmempages = npages;
}

/*
 * Initialize the kernel memory allocator
 */
void
kmeminit(void)
{
	vaddr_t base, limit;
	long indx;

#ifdef DIAGNOSTIC
	if (sizeof(struct kmem_freelist) > (1 << MINBUCKET))
		panic("kmeminit: minbucket too small/struct freelist too big");
#endif

	/*
	 * Compute the number of kmem_map pages, if we have not
	 * done so already.
	 */
	kmeminit_nkmempages();
	base = vm_map_min(kernel_map);
	kmem_map = uvm_km_suballoc(kernel_map, &base, &limit,
	    (vsize_t)nkmempages << PAGE_SHIFT,
#ifdef KVA_GUARDPAGES
	    VM_MAP_INTRSAFE | VM_MAP_GUARDPAGES,
#else
	    VM_MAP_INTRSAFE,
#endif
	    FALSE, &kmem_map_store);
	kmembase = (char *)base;
	kmemlimit = (char *)limit;
	kmemusage = km_alloc(round_page(nkmempages * sizeof(struct kmemusage)),
	    &kv_any, &kp_zero, &kd_waitok);
	for (indx = 0; indx < MINBUCKET + 16; indx++) {
		XSIMPLEQ_INIT(&bucket[indx].kb_freelist);
	}
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	for (indx = 0; indx < MINBUCKET + 16; indx++) {
		if (1 << indx >= PAGE_SIZE)
			bucket[indx].kb_elmpercl = 1;
		else
			bucket[indx].kb_elmpercl = PAGE_SIZE / (1 << indx);
		bucket[indx].kb_highwat = 5 * bucket[indx].kb_elmpercl;
	}
	for (indx = 0; indx < M_LAST; indx++)
		kmemstats[indx].ks_limit =
		    (long)nkmempages * PAGE_SIZE * 6 / 10;
#endif
}

/*
 * Return kernel malloc statistics information.
 */
int
sysctl_malloc(int *name, u_int namelen, void *oldp, size_t *oldlenp, void *newp,
    size_t newlen, struct proc *p)
{
	struct kmembuckets kb;
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	struct kmemstats km;
#endif
#if defined(KMEMSTATS) || defined(DIAGNOSTIC)
	int error;
#endif
	int i, siz;

	if (namelen != 2 && name[0] != KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS &&
	    name[0] != KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES)
		return (ENOTDIR);		/* overloaded */

	switch (name[0]) {
	case KERN_MALLOC_BUCKETS:
		/* Initialize the first time */
		if (buckstring_init == 0) {
			buckstring_init = 1;
			memset(buckstring, 0, sizeof(buckstring));
			for (siz = 0, i = MINBUCKET; i < MINBUCKET + 16; i++) {
				snprintf(buckstring + siz,
				    sizeof buckstring - siz,
				    "%d,", (u_int)(1<<i));
				siz += strlen(buckstring + siz);
			}
			/* Remove trailing comma */
			if (siz)
				buckstring[siz - 1] = '\0';
		}
		return (sysctl_rdstring(oldp, oldlenp, newp, buckstring));

	case KERN_MALLOC_BUCKET:
		mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
		memcpy(&kb, &bucket[BUCKETINDX(name[1])], sizeof(kb));
		mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
		memset(&kb.kb_freelist, 0, sizeof(kb.kb_freelist));
		return (sysctl_rdstruct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, &kb, sizeof(kb)));
	case KERN_MALLOC_KMEMSTATS:
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
		if ((name[1] < 0) || (name[1] >= M_LAST))
			return (EINVAL);
		mtx_enter(&malloc_mtx);
		memcpy(&km, &kmemstats[name[1]], sizeof(km));
		mtx_leave(&malloc_mtx);
		return (sysctl_rdstruct(oldp, oldlenp, newp, &km, sizeof(km)));
#else
		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
#endif
	case KERN_MALLOC_KMEMNAMES:
#if defined(KMEMSTATS) || defined(DIAGNOSTIC)
		error = rw_enter(&sysctl_kmemlock, RW_WRITE|RW_INTR);
		if (error)
			return (error);
		if (memall == NULL) {
			int totlen;

			/* Figure out how large a buffer we need */
			for (totlen = 0, i = 0; i < M_LAST; i++) {
				if (memname[i])
					totlen += strlen(memname[i]);
				totlen++;
			}
			memall = malloc(totlen + M_LAST, M_SYSCTL,
			    M_WAITOK|M_ZERO);
			for (siz = 0, i = 0; i < M_LAST; i++) {
				snprintf(memall + siz,
				    totlen + M_LAST - siz,
				    "%s,", memname[i] ? memname[i] : "");
				siz += strlen(memall + siz);
			}
			/* Remove trailing comma */
			if (siz)
				memall[siz - 1] = '\0';

			/* Now, convert all spaces to underscores */
			for (i = 0; i < totlen; i++)
				if (memall[i] == ' ')
					memall[i] = '_';
		}
		rw_exit_write(&sysctl_kmemlock);
		return (sysctl_rdstring(oldp, oldlenp, newp, memall));
#else
		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
#endif
	default:
		return (EOPNOTSUPP);
	}
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

#if defined(DDB)

void
malloc_printit(
    int (*pr)(const char *, ...) __attribute__((__format__(__kprintf__,1,2))))
{
#ifdef KMEMSTATS
	struct kmemstats *km;
	int i;

	(*pr)("%15s %5s  %6s  %7s  %6s %9s %8s\n",
	    "Type", "InUse", "MemUse", "HighUse", "Limit", "Requests",
	    "Type Lim");
	for (i = 0, km = kmemstats; i < M_LAST; i++, km++) {
		if (!km->ks_calls || !memname[i])
			continue;

		(*pr)("%15s %5ld %6ldK %7ldK %6ldK %9ld %8d\n",
		    memname[i], km->ks_inuse, km->ks_memuse / 1024,
		    km->ks_maxused / 1024, km->ks_limit / 1024,
		    km->ks_calls, km->ks_limblocks);
	}
#else
	(*pr)("No KMEMSTATS compiled in\n");
#endif
}
#endif /* DDB */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008 Otto Moerbeek <otto@drijf.net>
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 */

/*
 * This is sqrt(SIZE_MAX+1), as s1*s2 <= SIZE_MAX
 * if both s1 < MUL_NO_OVERFLOW and s2 < MUL_NO_OVERFLOW
 */
#define MUL_NO_OVERFLOW	(1UL << (sizeof(size_t) * 4))

void *
mallocarray(size_t nmemb, size_t size, int type, int flags)
{
	if ((nmemb >= MUL_NO_OVERFLOW || size >= MUL_NO_OVERFLOW) &&
	    nmemb > 0 && SIZE_MAX / nmemb < size) {
		if (flags & M_CANFAIL)
			return (NULL);
		panic("mallocarray: overflow %zu * %zu", nmemb, size);
	}
	return (malloc(size * nmemb, type, flags));
}