src/lib/libcrypto/man/OBJ_nid2obj.3

.\" $OpenBSD: OBJ_nid2obj.3,v 1.20 2023/07/21 05:02:53 tb Exp $
.\" full merge up to: OpenSSL c264592d May 14 11:28:00 2006 +0000
.\" selective merge up to: OpenSSL 35fd9953 May 28 14:49:38 2019 +0200
.\"
.\" This file is a derived work.
.\" The changes are covered by the following Copyright and license:
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2017, 2021 Ingo Schwarze <schwarze@openbsd.org>
.\"
.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
.\"
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
.\"
.\" The original file was written by Dr. Stephen Henson <steve@openssl.org>.
.\" Copyright (c) 2002, 2006, 2016 The OpenSSL Project.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\"
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\"
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
.\"    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
.\"    distribution.
.\"
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
.\"    software must display the following acknowledgment:
.\"    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
.\"    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. (http://www.openssl.org/)"
.\"
.\" 4. The names "OpenSSL Toolkit" and "OpenSSL Project" must not be used to
.\"    endorse or promote products derived from this software without
.\"    prior written permission. For written permission, please contact
.\"    openssl-core@openssl.org.
.\"
.\" 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "OpenSSL"
.\"    nor may "OpenSSL" appear in their names without prior written
.\"    permission of the OpenSSL Project.
.\"
.\" 6. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the following
.\"    acknowledgment:
.\"    "This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project
.\"    for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/)"
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE OpenSSL PROJECT ``AS IS'' AND ANY
.\" EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE OpenSSL PROJECT OR
.\" ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
.\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
.\" STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
.\" OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.Dd $Mdocdate: July 21 2023 $
.Dt OBJ_NID2OBJ 3
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm OBJ_nid2obj ,
.Nm OBJ_nid2ln ,
.Nm OBJ_nid2sn ,
.Nm OBJ_obj2nid ,
.Nm OBJ_ln2nid ,
.Nm OBJ_sn2nid ,
.Nm OBJ_txt2nid ,
.Nm OBJ_txt2obj ,
.Nm OBJ_obj2txt ,
.Nm OBJ_cmp ,
.Nm OBJ_dup ,
.Nm i2t_ASN1_OBJECT ,
.Nm i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
.Nd inspect and create ASN.1 object identifiers
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.In openssl/objects.h
.Ft ASN1_OBJECT *
.Fo OBJ_nid2obj
.Fa "int n"
.Fc
.Ft const char *
.Fo OBJ_nid2ln
.Fa "int n"
.Fc
.Ft const char *
.Fo OBJ_nid2sn
.Fa "int n"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo OBJ_obj2nid
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *o"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo OBJ_ln2nid
.Fa "const char *ln"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo OBJ_sn2nid
.Fa "const char *sn"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo OBJ_txt2nid
.Fa "const char *s"
.Fc
.Ft ASN1_OBJECT *
.Fo OBJ_txt2obj
.Fa "const char *s"
.Fa "int no_name"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo OBJ_obj2txt
.Fa "char *buf"
.Fa "int buf_len"
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *a"
.Fa "int no_name"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo OBJ_cmp
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *a"
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *b"
.Fc
.Ft ASN1_OBJECT *
.Fo OBJ_dup
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *o"
.Fc
.In openssl/asn1.h
.Ft int
.Fo i2t_ASN1_OBJECT
.Fa "char *buf"
.Fa "int buf_len"
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *a"
.Fc
.Ft int
.Fo i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
.Fa "BIO *out_bio"
.Fa "const ASN1_OBJECT *a"
.Fc
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The ASN.1 object utility functions process
.Vt ASN1_OBJECT
structures which are a representation of the ASN.1 OBJECT IDENTIFIER
(OID) type.
For convenience, OIDs are usually represented in source code as
numeric identifiers, or NIDs.
OpenSSL has an internal table of OIDs that are generated when the
library is built, and their corresponding NIDs are available as
defined constants.
For the functions below, application code should treat all returned
values \(em OIDs, NIDs, or names \(em as constants.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_nid2obj ,
.Fn OBJ_nid2ln ,
and
.Fn OBJ_nid2sn
convert the NID
.Fa n
to an
.Vt ASN1_OBJECT
structure, its long name, and its short name, respectively, or return
.Dv NULL
if an error occurred.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_obj2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_ln2nid ,
and
.Fn OBJ_sn2nid
return the corresponding NID for the object
.Fa o ,
the long name
.Fa ln ,
or the short name
.Fa sn ,
respectively, or
.Dv NID_undef
if an error occurred.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_txt2nid
returns the NID corresponding to text string
.Fa s .
.Fa s
can be a long name, a short name, or the numerical representation
of an object.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_txt2obj
converts the text string
.Fa s
into an
.Vt ASN1_OBJECT
structure.
If
.Fa no_name
is 0 then long names and short names will be interpreted as well as
numerical forms.
If
.Fa no_name
is 1, only the numerical form is acceptable.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt
converts the
.Vt ASN1_OBJECT
.Fa a
into a textual representation.
The representation is written as a NUL terminated string to
.Fa buf .
At most
.Fa buf_len
bytes are written, truncating the result if necessary.
The total amount of space required is returned.
If
.Fa no_name
is 0 and the object has a long or short name, then that will be used,
otherwise the numerical form will be used.
.Pp
.Fn i2t_ASN1_OBJECT
is the same as
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt
with
.Fa no_name
set to 0.
.Pp
.Fn i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
writes a textual representation of
.Fa a
to
.Fa out_bio
using
.Xr BIO_write 3 .
It does not write a terminating NUL byte.
If
.Fa a
is
.Dv NULL
or contains no data, it writes the 4-byte string
.Qq NULL .
If
.Fn i2t_ASN1_OBJECT
fails,
.Fn i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
writes the 9-byte string
.Qq <INVALID> .
Otherwise, it writes the string constructed with
.Fn i2t_ASN1_OBJECT .
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_cmp
compares
.Fa a
to
.Fa b .
If the two are identical, 0 is returned.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_dup
returns a deep copy of
.Fa o
if
.Fa o
is marked as dynamically allocated.
The new object and all data contained in it is marked as dynamically
allocated.
If
.Fa o
is not marked as dynamically allocated,
.Fn OBJ_dup
just returns
.Fa o
itself.
.Pp
Objects can have a short name, a long name, and a numerical
identifier (NID) associated with them.
A standard set of objects is represented in an internal table.
The appropriate values are defined in the header file
.In openssl/objects.h .
.Pp
For example, the OID for commonName has the following definitions:
.Bd -literal
#define SN_commonName                   "CN"
#define LN_commonName                   "commonName"
#define NID_commonName                  13
.Ed
.Pp
New objects can be added by calling
.Xr OBJ_create 3 .
.Pp
Table objects have certain advantages over other objects: for example
their NIDs can be used in a C language switch statement.
They are also static constant structures which are shared: that is there
is only a single constant structure for each table object.
.Pp
Objects which are not in the table have the NID value
.Dv NID_undef .
.Pp
Objects do not need to be in the internal tables to be processed:
the functions
.Fn OBJ_txt2obj
and
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt
can process the numerical form of an OID.
.Sh RETURN VALUES
.Fn OBJ_nid2obj ,
.Fn OBJ_txt2obj ,
and
.Fn OBJ_dup
return an
.Vt ASN1_OBJECT
object or
.Dv NULL
if an error occurs.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_nid2ln
and
.Fn OBJ_nid2sn
return a valid string or
.Dv NULL
on error.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_obj2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_ln2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_sn2nid ,
and
.Fn OBJ_txt2nid
return a NID or
.Dv NID_undef
on error.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt
and
.Fn i2t_ASN1_OBJECT
return the amount of space required in bytes,
including the terminating NUL byte.
.Pp
.Fn i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
returns the number of bytes written, even if
.Fa a
is invalid or contains invalid data,
but a negative value if memory allocation or a write operation fails.
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_cmp
returns 0 if the contents of
.Fa a
and
.Fa b
are identical, or non-zero otherwise.
.Pp
In some cases of failure of
.Fn OBJ_nid2obj ,
.Fn OBJ_nid2ln ,
.Fn OBJ_nid2sn ,
.Fn OBJ_txt2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_txt2obj ,
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt ,
.Fn OBJ_dup ,
.Fn i2t_ASN1_OBJECT ,
and
.Fn i2a_ASN1_OBJECT ,
the reason can be determined with
.Xr ERR_get_error 3 .
.Sh EXAMPLES
Create an object for
.Sy commonName :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
ASN1_OBJECT *o;
o = OBJ_nid2obj(NID_commonName);
.Ed
.Pp
Check if an object is
.Sy commonName :
.Bd -literal -offset indent
if (OBJ_obj2nid(obj) == NID_commonName)
	/* Do something */
.Ed
.Pp
Create a new object directly:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
obj = OBJ_txt2obj("1.2.3.4", 1);
.Ed
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ASN1_OBJECT_new 3 ,
.Xr BIO_new 3 ,
.Xr d2i_ASN1_OBJECT 3 ,
.Xr OBJ_create 3 ,
.Xr OBJ_NAME_add 3
.Sh HISTORY
.Fn OBJ_nid2obj ,
.Fn OBJ_nid2ln ,
.Fn OBJ_nid2sn ,
.Fn OBJ_obj2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_ln2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_sn2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_txt2nid ,
.Fn OBJ_cmp ,
and
.Fn OBJ_dup
first appeared in SSLeay 0.5.1.
.Fn i2a_ASN1_OBJECT
first appeared in SSLeay 0.6.0, and
.Fn i2t_ASN1_OBJECT
in SSLeay 0.9.0.
All these functions have been available since
.Ox 2.4 .
.Pp
.Fn OBJ_txt2obj
first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.2b.
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt
first appeared in OpenSSL 0.9.4.
Both functions have been available since
.Ox 2.6 .
.Sh BUGS
.Fn OBJ_obj2txt
is awkward and messy to use: it doesn't follow the convention of other
OpenSSL functions where the buffer can be set to
.Dv NULL
to determine the amount of data that should be written.
Instead
.Fa buf
must point to a valid buffer and
.Fa buf_len
should be set to a positive value.
A buffer length of 80 should be more than enough to handle any OID
encountered in practice.